Floralia concluded with competitive events and spectacles, and a sacrifice to Flora. A ritual called the Florifertum was performed on either 27 April or 3 May, during which a bundle of wheat ears was carried into a shrine, though it is not clear if this devotion was made to Flora or Ceres. Persius writes that crowds were pelted with vetches, beans, and lupins. In the Floralia, Ovid says that hares and goats were released as part of the festivities. The Floralia opened with theatrical performances. The earliest known May celebrations appeared with the Floralia, festival of Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers, held from 27 April–3 May during the Roman Republic era, and the Maiouma or Maiuma, a festival celebrating Dionysus and Aphrodite held every three years during the month of May. Maypole dancing in the Netherlands, by Pieter Brueghel the Younger (16th century). Origins and celebrations Floralia by Antonio María Reyna Manescau (1888). As a result, International Workers' Day is also called "May Day", but the two are otherwise unrelated. In 1889, 1 May was chosen as the date for International Workers' Day by the Second International, to commemorate the Haymarket affair in Chicago and the struggle for an eight-hour working day. It has also been associated with the ancient Roman festival Floralia. Regional varieties and related traditions include Walpurgis Night in central and northern Europe, the Gaelic festival Beltane, the Welsh festival Calan Mai, and May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Bonfires are also part of the festival in some regions. Traditions often include gathering wildflowers and green branches, weaving floral garlands, crowning a May Queen (sometimes with a male companion), and setting up a Maypole, May Tree or May Bush, around which people dance. Festivities may also be held the night before, known as May Eve. May Day is a European festival of ancient origins marking the beginning of summer, usually celebrated on 1 May, around halfway between the spring equinox and summer solstice.
Revelers celebrate the Summer Solstice at sunrise at Stonehenge stone circle near Amesbury, Britain, June 21, 2022.Maypole dancing at Bishopstone Church, East Sussex, in England, UK. During those years riot police and people determined to celebrate the solstice often clashed.īut in 2000, English Heritage reopened Stonehenge for the solstice and celebrations since have been peaceful, with only a few arrests for minor offenses each year. The solstice celebration in 1985 was the occasion of a violent clash between police and revelers, causing the monument to be closed for the solstice for 15 years. Though the stone circle's alignment with the midsummer sunrise makes it an ideal location for celebrating the solstice, the event has a controversial past. Experts still debate its purpose, but it is aligned so that on summer solstice the sun rises behind the Heel Stone and rays of sunlight are channeled into the center of the circle.
Stonehenge was built between 5,000 and 3,500 years ago on a windswept plain in southwest England by a sun-worshipping Neolithic culture.
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